Introduction
* Design Goals
* Language Summary
* Language Changes
* Instructions for Comment Submission
* Acknowledgments
The need for languages that promote reliability and simplify maintenance is well established. Hence emphasis was placed on program readability over ease of writing. For example, the rules of the language require that program variables be explicitly declared and that their type be specified. Since the type of a variable is invariant, compilers can ensure that operations on variables are compatible with the properties intended for objects of the type. Furthermore, error-prone notations have been avoided, and the syntax of the language avoids the use of encoded forms in favor of more English-like constructs. Finally, the language offers support for separate compilation of program units in a way that facilitates program development and maintenance, and which provides the same degree of checking between units as within a unit.
From any type a new type may be defined by derivation. A type, together with its derivatives (both direct and indirect) form a derivation class. Class-wide operations may be defined that accept as a parameter an operand of any type in a derivation class. For record and private types, the derivatives may be extensions of the parent type. Types that support these object-oriented capabilities of class-wide operations and type extension must be tagged, so that the specific type of an operand within a derivation class can be identified at run time. When an operation of a tagged type is applied to an operand whose specific type is not known until run time, implicit dispatching is performed based on the tag of the operand.
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Preface
Modern society is becoming very dependent upon software. Our transport systems, financial systems, medical systems and defense systems all depend to a very large degree upon software. As a consequence the safety of many human lives and much property now depends upon the reliable functioning of software. Moreover, the fall in the cost of hardware has now made possible the development of large software systems.Ada is a programming language of special value in the development of large programs which must work reliably. This applies to most defense applications (from which background Ada evolved) and extends to many application domains. Indeed over half the Ada programs now being developed are for non-defense applications.
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Preface:
This book is aimed at students and programmers who wish to learn the object-oriented language Ada 95. The book illustrates the language by showing how programs can be written using an object-oriented approach. The book treats Ada 95 as a language in its own right and not just as an extension to Ada 83.
The first chapter provides an introduction to problem solving using an object-oriented design methodology.The methodology illustrated in this introductory chapter is based on Fusion.
The next three chapters concentrate on the basic constructs in the Ada 95 language. In particular the use of types and subtypes is encouraged. By using types and subtypes in a program the compiler can help spot many errors and inconsistencies at compile-time rather than run-time.
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